Your Guide to Understanding Hormonal and Non-Hormonal IUD Contraception Options
What Is an IUD & How Does it Work?
An intrauterine device (IUD) is a long-acting, reversible contraceptive placed inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy. It is a highly effective, low-maintenance birth control method that can last between 5 and 10 years, depending on the type.
Qualified medical practitioners at our clinic provide IUD insertion and removal services in accordance with Australian medical guidelines. If you are uncertain which IUD is right for you, a consultation with a doctor at HSMC can help determine the best option based on your individual health needs.
Types of IUDs: Mirena, Kyleena & Copper IUD Compared
There are two main types of IUDs:
- Hormonal IUDs (e.g., Mirena, Kyleena) – These contain levonorgestrel, a progestin hormone that thickens cervical mucus and reduces sperm movement to prevent pregnancy.
- Non-hormonal IUD (Copper IUD) – This contains no hormones and works by releasing copper ions that create an environment that affects sperm viability.
Each IUD type has different benefits and considerations. A doctor can provide personalised advice on which option suits your medical history and contraceptive goals.
IUD Features Compared: Mirena, Kyleena & Copper IUDs
| Feature | Mirena | Kyleena | Copper IUD |
|---|---|---|---|
Type | Hormonal | Hormonal | Non-hormonal |
Hormone Used | Levonorgestrel (higher dose) | Levonorgestrel (lower dose) | None |
Effectiveness | Over 99% | Over 99% | Over 99% |
Duration | Up to 8 years (for contraception), 5 years for Heavy Menstrual Bleeding | Up to 5 years | 5–10 years (depending on the type) |
Common Uses | Approved for treatment of heavy periods (menorrhagia) | Not approved for treatment of heavy periods (menorrhagia) | Hormone-free option |
Possible Side Effects | Irregular spotting, hormonal effects, increased ovarian cyst risk | Lighter periods, potential mild hormonal effects | Heavier periods, cramping, risk of expulsion (2-5%) |
To learn more about each IUD type, visit our following service pages:
- Mirena & Kyleena IUD – Learn about the differences between Mirena and Kyleena, benefits, risks and suitability.
- Copper IUD – Discover the benefits and considerations of hormone-free contraception.
Which IUD Is Right for Me?
Choosing the right IUD depends on your personal health needs and lifestyle. Consider the following:
Hormonal IUDs (Mirena, Kyleena) May Be Best If:
- You want lighter or less frequent periods.
- You experience heavy menstrual bleeding (Mirena may help to reduce the flow).
- You prefer a lower-dose hormonal birth control method.
A Copper IUD May Be Best If:
- You want a hormone-free contraceptive option.
- You prefer long-term contraception (up to 10 years).
- You are comfortable with potentially heavier periods in the first few months.
A consultation with a doctor can help to determine which IUD suits your medical history and lifestyle.
For more information about Non-hormonal Copper IUDs visit Sexual Health Victoria.
Benefits and Risks of Choosing an IUD for Birth Control
Potential Benefits of an IUD
- Highly effective – Over 99% effectiveness in preventing pregnancy.
- Long-lasting protection – Works for 5–10 years, depending on the type.
- Low maintenance – No daily reminders or frequent medical visits.
- Hormonal & non-hormonal options available – Suitable for different medical needs.
- Reversible – Fertility typically returns quickly after removal.
Possible Risks and Considerations
- Irregular bleeding – Common in the first few months, particularly with hormonal IUDs.
- Heavier periods and cramping – More likely with the copper IUD, particularly in the first 3–6 months.
- Cramping or discomfort after insertion – Some may experience mild to moderate cramping, which typically subsides within days to weeks.
- Risk of expulsion – In 2–5% of cases, the IUD may shift or be expelled, reducing effectiveness.
- Rare risk of perforation – Occurs in approximately 1–2 per 1,000 insertions, where the IUD moves into the uterine wall.
The IUD Insertion & Removal Process
Insertion Procedure
- Consultation – Discuss your contraception options and medical history.
- Pre-insertion preparation – Pain relief options can be discussed.
- Insertion procedure – The doctor places the IUD inside the uterus using a thin applicator (5–10 minutes).
- Post-insertion care – Mild cramping and spotting are common for a few days to weeks.
- Follow-up check – A review appointment may be recommended 4–6 weeks after insertion.
Removal Procedure
- Quick and simple – The doctor gently pulls the IUD strings to remove the device.
- Mild cramping may occur, but removal is generally well tolerated.
- Fertility typically returns soon after removal.
IUD Accredited Doctors
FAQs
No, once properly inserted by a doctor, you should not feel the IUD. Some individuals may be aware of the strings at first, but these typically soften over time.
The IUD itself is placed inside the uterus and cannot be felt during sex. Occasionally, your partner may feel the strings, but this is usually not uncomfortable. Your doctor can trim the strings if needed.
There is no strong clinical evidence that IUDs, including hormonal or copper types, directly cause weight gain. If you have concerns, it’s best to discuss them with your GP.
Rarely (2-5% of cases), an IUD can be expelled from the uterus. If you cannot feel the strings, consult your doctor.
- Hormonal IUDs (Mirena, Kyleena): Periods may become lighter or stop entirely, especially with Mirena. Some users experience irregular spotting in the first few months.
- Copper IUD: May cause heavier or longer periods, particularly in the first 3 to 6 months, before stabilising.
Yes, tampons and menstrual cups can be safely used with an IUD. It is important to check the strings after each period to ensure that the IUD is still in place.
Yes. Normal physical activity and exercise are safe after IUD insertion. However, some individuals may prefer to avoid intense workouts for 24–48 hours after insertion if experiencing cramping.
No. An IUD should not cause pain during sex once it has been properly placed. If discomfort occurs, it may be due to the initial insertion adjustment period or a displaced IUD, in which case a doctor should be consulted.
Most individuals regain fertility immediately after IUD removal. Some people may take a few months for regular menstrual cycles to return.
No, IUDs do not cause infertility. Fertility typically returns quickly after removal, regardless of how long the IUD was used.
Yes, IUDs are safe for individuals who have never given birth. Kyleena is slightly smaller than the other IUD options and may be preferred for those with a smaller uterus.
In rare cases (2%-5% of insertions), an IUD can shift or be expelled from the uterus. Signs of displacement include:
- You cannot feel the strings
- Pain or unusual cramping
- New or prolonged bleeding
If you suspect movement, see a doctor as soon as possible.
You can check for the IUD strings by gently feeling inside your vagina. If you cannot feel them, or if they feel shorter or longer, schedule a doctor’s visit to confirm placement.
Mild to moderate cramping is normal after insertion and should subside within a few days. However, if you experience severe pain, prolonged bleeding, or fever, consult your doctor immediately.
Booking an Appointment
Interested in an IUD? The medical team at HSMC can help you to decide on the right option for both your health and lifestyle.
